{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "id": "https://www.crosstabs.com/examples/smoking-and-lung-cancer-doll-hill#dataset",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "name": "Smoking and Lung Cancer (Doll & Hill, 1950)",
  "description": "The landmark case-control study linking smoking to lung cancer: 649 male lung-cancer patients and 649 matched controls by smoking status.",
  "field": "public health",
  "question": "Did smoking status differ between lung-cancer cases and controls?",
  "takeaway": "Smoking was far more common among cases, but the case-control design supports an odds ratio rather than a risk estimate.",
  "datePublished": "2026-06-10",
  "dateModified": "2026-07-31",
  "provenance": {
    "kind": "derived",
    "citation": "Doll, R., & Hill, A. B. (1950). Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. British Medical Journal, 2(4682), 739–748.",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.bmj.com/content/2/4682/739"
  },
  "variables": {
    "row": {
      "name": "Patient group",
      "categories": [
        "Lung cancer cases",
        "Controls"
      ]
    },
    "column": {
      "name": "Smoking status",
      "categories": [
        "Smoker",
        "Non-smoker"
      ]
    }
  },
  "counts": [
    [
      647,
      2
    ],
    [
      622,
      27
    ]
  ]
}