What is a cross-tabulation (crosstab)?

A cross-tabulation (crosstab) is a statistical table that shows the frequency distribution of two or more categorical variables. It displays how often each combination of categories occurs in your data, helping identify relationships and patterns between variables.

What is the chi-square test?

The chi-square (χ²) test is a statistical test that determines whether there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It compares observed frequencies in a contingency table to expected frequencies under the assumption of independence. A p-value less than 0.05 typically indicates a statistically significant relationship.

Cramér's V is an effect size measure for the chi-square test, ranging from 0 to 1. It indicates the strength of association between two categorical variables: 0.5 is strong.

When should I use Fisher's exact test instead of chi-square?

Use Fisher's exact test when you have a 2×2 table and any expected cell count is less than 5, or when your total sample size is small (typically < 20). Fisher's exact test calculates the exact probability rather than relying on the chi-square approximation.

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CrossTabs.com — Free Cross-Tabulation & Chi-Square Calculator

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